institute of technology
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
By 1900, only 124 years after declaring independence, the United States had grown and expanded into one of the most prosperous and influential countries in the world. The economy was strong, driven by the power of steel locomotives, steam engines, electricity, and the beginning of automated manufacturing. But the burgeoning economic productivity, along with the complexity of 20th century machinery, created problems when different manufacturers had to work together. Disagreements arose over the units of measurement and how to apply them. For example, one company’s “gallon” might not be the same as another company’s. Without standards, the parts or containers made by one company did not fit another company’s items, resulting in chaos.
On March 3, 1901, the U.S. government chartered the National Bureau of Standards to remedy this problem. Beginning with a staff of 1 2, the new bureau quickly went to work, improving the standards of length and mass measurements, and establishing new standards of temperature, time, and light. Time was especially important, as it synchronizes the activities of so many people. How do railroads, radio and television networks, and other time-conscious organizations know what time it is – and keep the same time? The bureau has provided time signals from a radio station, WWV, since 1 923. Governing this timekeeping is an atomic clock so precise that it will not gain or lose a second in 60 million years!
The National Bureau of Standards changed its name to the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1988. Today, the NIST has facilities in Gaitherburg, Maryland, and Boulder, Colorado, and employs about 2,800 scientists, engineers, and staff. The NIST continues to improve measurement technology and standards, helping promote economic and technological progress. Laboratories at the NIST include the Building and Fire Research Laboratory, the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Information Technology Laboratory, the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, the Physics Laboratory, and others.
Aircraft Technology Applied to Trucks
Several aerodynamic improvements and flow control techniques are used in jet aircraft wings in order to allow a better movement through the air and thus enhance the overall performance of the airplane. The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta is now working on using these same techniques with trucks and trailers. According to the latest tests using a full-size truck show clearly how the techniques enhance fuel efficiency reducing fuel costs by as much as 12 percent. The techniques can also improve directional control and breaking, enhancing this way safety as well on the roads.
Robert Englar, principal research engineer of Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory of the Georgia Tech Research Institute said that they have resolved unknowns from previous testing, and that they have demonstrated that this technology functions in trucks as well as it does in airplanes, and they expect that the trucking industry will consider an estimated 12 percent of fuel expenditure reduction worthy of pursuing. This amount will improve fuel economy resulting in approximately 2,400 million gallons of fuel worth of savings for the United States heavy truck fleet.
The techniques employed in this technology include aerodynamic improvements made possible by geometry modifications in the trucks that generate savings of up to 6 to 7 percent. These modifications include rounding aft trailer corners, installation of fairings, as well as other modifications that smooth air flow over the boxy trucks. The additional savings of 5 percent are achieved through pneumatic devices that blow air from vents at the rear of the vehicle to prevent separation of air flow.
Best Digital multimeters
Testers or digital manufacturing companies have become very popular and a lot of them make all types of digital multi meters ranging from digital multi meters for home appliances to industrial ones. No matter what type of electronic repairing you do, a digital multi meter is an important tool that can help you save time in attempting to fix the broken devices to ensure that each of these parts are can be repaired ideally with as little errors as possible. The diversity of digital multi meters really shows how each of the digital multi meters plays unique roles to ensure that each of these devices that get broken or fails can be repaired. Though digital meters are some what similar they are altogether very different, depending which on manufacture made it, and for what appliances the device can be used on.
It is common occurrence that people normally purchase digital multimeters without looking at their specifications to see if they are designed for the appliances that they are made to repair. This is the main reason why many digital multi meters manufacturing companies have selective set of rules that will ensure that if the meter is used for unsuitable device it will not damage or cause it to break. Needless to say, there are many digital meters that many repair specialists consider them to be the best. Best digital multi meters that most repair technicians choose have a very similar role that they play and their uniqueness make them to be used for all types of electronics regardless r size or shape of the device. This is why when choosing these you have to be careful of which one you select. There are few criteria’s that make these digital multi meters to be considered the best. The main important thing to remember here is that most of these selection is based on what repair technician say and as they are the ones who do the repairs.
The number of the best digital multi meters grows on daily bases as more and more advanced digital meters are introduced to the market to cater for the influx of electronics that continue to die or fail on daily bases. It’s a well known fact that without these digital meters, repairing electronics will be complicated and not easy. Though it can be considered that these digital meters play a similar role, in reality each one has its own uniqueness and how it’s used. This is the main reason why many people are very selective of what meter they use for which electronic components. In the past repairing different types of electronics as very difficult as one type of digital had to be used for all types of electronics.